Turn on three LEDs by Arduino UNO

Arduino UNO 07-06-23

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Tutorial plan

1- Role of LEDs in robotics

2- The components needed to control three LEDs by Arduino UNO

3- Mounting the Arduino UNO with three LEDs

4- Lighting three LEDs by the Arduino UNO

5- Alternately light three LEDs by the Arduino UNO

Role of LEDs in robotics

LEDs (Light-Emitting Diodes) play various roles in robotics. Here are some common applications of LEDs in robotics:

Status Indicators: LEDs are often used as status indicators in robotic systems. They can be programmed to provide visual feedback about the state of different components or subsystems within the robot. For example, LEDs can indicate whether the robot is powered on, charging, in standby mode, or performing a specific task.

Sensor Readouts: LEDs can be used in conjunction with sensors to provide visual feedback on the readings or measurements obtained by the sensors. For instance, in line-following robots, an array of sensors detects the line, and LEDs are used to indicate which sensors are activated or which path the robot is following.

Communication: LEDs can be used as part of a communication system in robots. For example, LEDs can be integrated into a robot's body to display signals or messages to interact with humans or other robots. These visual cues can help convey information or intentions in a clear and intuitive manner.

Illumination: LEDs are widely used for illuminating the working area of robots. They provide bright and energy-efficient lighting solutions for vision systems, enabling robots to perceive and navigate their environment effectively. LEDs are particularly useful in low-light conditions or for specific applications such as machine vision, inspection, or object recognition.

Aesthetics: LEDs are sometimes incorporated into robotic designs for aesthetic purposes. They can enhance the visual appeal of robots by adding customizable lighting effects or creating an engaging display. This is often seen in entertainment robots, humanoid robots, or robot companions.

The components needed to control three LEDs by Arduino UNO

To control two LEDs using an Arduino UNO, you will need the following components:

Arduino UNO board: This is the microcontroller board that will be responsible for programming and controlling the LEDs.

Three LEDs: Choose the LEDs of your choice, considering their color and brightness. Ensure that they are compatible with the Arduino in terms of voltage and current.

Three resistors: Resistors are needed to limit the current flowing through the LEDs to protect them. The value of the resistors will depend on the specifications of the LEDs and the operating voltage of the Arduino.

Breadboard : will be used to connect the LEDs, resistors, and Arduino together. Test plate

Jumper wires: These wires are used to make connections between the Arduino UNO and the LEDs.

Mounting the Arduino UNO with three LEDs

To mount an Arduino UNO with three LEDs, follow these steps:

1- Place the Arduino UNO on the breadboard, spanning the middle gap. Make sure the side with the USB port is facing outwards.

2- Insert the three LEDs into the breadboard, one near each edge, as follows:

Insert the cathode (shorter leg) of the first LED into a row on one edge of the breadboard.

Insert the cathode of the second LED into a row on the other edge of the breadboard.

Insert the cathode of the third LED into a row on the same edge as the first LED.

3- Connect the anode (longer leg) of each LED to a separate resistor. The other end of each resistor will be connected to the Arduino UNO.

4- Connect one end of the first resistor to digital pin 2 on the Arduino UNO.

Connect one end of the second resistor to digital pin 3 on the Arduino UNO.

Connect one end of the third resistor to digital pin 4 on the Arduino UNO.

5- Connect the cathode (shorter leg) of each LED to the adjacent GND (Ground) pin on the Arduino UNO. This will complete the circuit.

6- Ensure that the Arduino UNO is powered either via USB connected to your computer or an external power source.

You have now mounted the Arduino UNO with three LEDs. You can proceed with programming the Arduino to control the LEDs using the appropriate code.

Mounting the Arduino UNO with three LEDs

Lighting three LEDs by the Arduino UNO

Now, you can program the Arduino to control the LEDs. Here's an example code to turn on and off the LEDs sequentially:

const int ledPin1 = 2;  // Digital pin for the first LED
const int ledPin2 = 3;  // Digital pin for the second LED
const int ledPin3 = 4;  // Digital pin for the third LED

void setup() {
  pinMode(ledPin1, OUTPUT);  // Set the first LED pin as output
  pinMode(ledPin2, OUTPUT);  // Set the second LED pin as output
  pinMode(ledPin3, OUTPUT);  // Set the third LED pin as output

  digitalWrite(ledPin1, HIGH);  // Turn on the first LED
  digitalWrite(ledPin2, HIGH);  // Turn on the second LED
  digitalWrite(ledPin3, HIGH);  // Turn on the third LED
}

void loop() {
 
}

const int ledPin1 = 2; // Digital pin for the first LED

const int ledPin2 = 3; // Digital pin for the second LED

const int ledPin3 = 4; // Digital pin for the third LED

void setup() {

pinMode(ledPin1, OUTPUT); // Set the first LED pin as output

pinMode(ledPin2, OUTPUT); // Set the second LED pin as output

pinMode(ledPin3, OUTPUT); // Set the third LED pin as output

digitalWrite(ledPin1, HIGH); // Turn on the first LED

digitalWrite(ledPin2, HIGH); // Turn on the second LED

digitalWrite(ledPin3, HIGH); // Turn on the third LED

}

void loop() {

}

Upload this code to your Arduino UNO using the Arduino IDE or any other compatible programming environment. The three LEDs will now light up.

Alternately light three LEDs by the Arduino UNO

To alternately light three LEDs using an Arduino UNO, you can program the Arduino to alternate the LEDs.

const int ledPin1 = 2;  // Digital pin for the first LED
const int ledPin2 = 3;  // Digital pin for the second LED
const int ledPin3 = 4;  // Digital pin for the third LED

void setup() {
  pinMode(ledPin1, OUTPUT);  // Set the first LED pin as output
  pinMode(ledPin2, OUTPUT);  // Set the second LED pin as output
  pinMode(ledPin3, OUTPUT);  // Set the third LED pin as output
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, HIGH);  // Turn on the first LED
  delay(1000);                  // Wait for 1 second
  digitalWrite(ledPin1, LOW);   // Turn off the first LED

  digitalWrite(ledPin2, HIGH);  // Turn on the second LED
  delay(1000);                  // Wait for 1 second
  digitalWrite(ledPin2, LOW);   // Turn off the second LED

  digitalWrite(ledPin3, HIGH);  // Turn on the third LED
  delay(1000);                  // Wait for 1 second
  digitalWrite(ledPin3, LOW);   // Turn off the third LED
}

const int ledPin1 = 2; // Digital pin for the first LED

const int ledPin2 = 3; // Digital pin for the second LED

const int ledPin3 = 4; // Digital pin for the third LED

void setup() {

pinMode(ledPin1, OUTPUT); // Set the first LED pin as output

pinMode(ledPin2, OUTPUT); // Set the second LED pin as output

pinMode(ledPin3, OUTPUT); // Set the third LED pin as output

}

void loop() {

digitalWrite(ledPin1, HIGH); // Turn on the first LED

delay(1000); // Wait for 1 second

digitalWrite(ledPin1, LOW); // Turn off the first LED

digitalWrite(ledPin2, HIGH); // Turn on the second LED

delay(1000); // Wait for 1 second

digitalWrite(ledPin2, LOW); // Turn off the second LED

digitalWrite(ledPin3, HIGH); // Turn on the third LED

delay(1000); // Wait for 1 second

digitalWrite(ledPin3, LOW); // Turn off the third LED

}

Upload this code to your Arduino UNO using the Arduino IDE or any other compatible programming environment.

The three LEDs will now alternately light up one after the other, with a delay of 1 second between each LED. Adjust the delay according to your preference.