Smart Arduino lighting system

Arduino UNO 14-01-25

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Tutorial plan

1- How the smart Arduino lighting system works ?

2- Necessary system components

3- System connection diagram

4- Programming the Arduino UNO board

How the smart Arduino lighting system works ?

A smart Arduino lighting system that uses the KY-018 Photoresistor sensor and an LED works by adjusting the brightness or state of the LED based on the ambient light intensity. This system can automatically control the lighting in a room or environment, making it energy-efficient and convenient.

How It Works

1- Sensing Light Intensity

The KY-018 sensor outputs an analog voltage signal that corresponds to the light level in its environment.

In darkness: The resistance of the photoresistor is high, leading to a lower voltage signal.

In bright light: The resistance decreases, resulting in a higher voltage signal.

2- Processing the Signal

The Arduino reads the analog signal from the KY-018 sensor through one of its analog input pins (e.g., A0).

The analog signal is converted into a digital value ranging from 0 to 1023 (10-bit ADC resolution).

The Arduino processes this value to determine the current light level.

3. Controlling the LED

Based on the light level:

If the ambient light is low: The Arduino turns on the LED or increases its brightness.

If the ambient light is high: The Arduino dims the LED or turns it off to save energy.

Necessary system components

Arduino Board:

Arduino Uno

Acts as the microcontroller to process data and control the LED.

KY-018 Photoresistor Sensor:

A light-dependent resistor (LDR) that changes its resistance based on the light intensity.

High resistance in darkness and low resistance in bright light.

LED:

Provides illumination, its brightness controlled by the Arduino.

Resistors:

Used to prevent damage to the LED and stabilize sensor readings.

Jumper Wires:

Jumper wires

For making temporary connections and wiring between components.

Breadboard:

Test plate

A breadboard is a useful tool for creating temporary electronic circuits. It allows you to connect components without soldering.

System connection diagram

KY-018 Sensor:

- Connect DO pin of KY-018 sensor to A0 pin of Arduino

- Connect VCC pin of KY-018 sensor to 3.3V pin of Arduino

- Connect GND pin of KY-018 sensor to GND pin of Arduino

LED:

- Connect the anode (long leg) to digital pin (e.g., D4) via a current-limiting resistor (220Ω).

- Connect the cathode (short leg) to GND.

Programming the Arduino UNO board

The program for the automatic lighting system :

int digitalPin = 4;
int analogPin = A0; // KY-026 analog interface
int digitalVal; // digital readings
int analogVal; //analog readings

void setup()
{
pinMode(digitalPin, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(digitalPin, LOW);
}

void loop()
{
// read the value returned by the light sensor
analogVal = analogRead(analogPin);
if (analogVal>670){ // when the light sensor detects very low brightness
digitalWrite(digitalPin, HIGH); // turn on red LED
} else {
digitalWrite(digitalPin, LOW); // turn off red LEDs
}
delay(100);
}