28BYJ-48 stepper motor and UNL2003 module

Components 12-05-23

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What is the 28BYJ-48 stepper motor ?

The 28BYJ-48 is a small stepper motor that is commonly used in hobby and DIY projects. It is a 5V DC motor that has 4 phases and 8 steps per revolution, making it a unipolar stepper motor. It has a gear reduction ratio of 1/64, which means that it rotates slowly and with high precision. The motor is relatively cheap and widely available, and can be used in a variety of applications, such as robotics, automation, and 3D printing. It is controlled using a driver board, such as the ULN2003 or the L298N, which provides the necessary signals to the motor's coils to control its movement.

What is the UNL2003 module ?

The ULN2003 is a popular integrated circuit (IC) that is used to control stepper motors in various electronic applications. The ULN2003 module is a breakout board that contains the ULN2003 IC and other supporting components, such as resistors and diodes, to make it easier to use the IC in a project. The module typically has pins for power, ground, and control signals, which are connected to a microcontroller or other control circuitry.

The ULN2003 IC is a Darlington transistor array that contains seven high-voltage and high-current Darlington pairs. Each Darlington pair consists of two transistors, which provide a high gain and high impedance amplification of the control signal. This allows the IC to drive the coils of a stepper motor with high accuracy and speed. The ULN2003 module is commonly used in robotics, automation, and other electronic projects that require precise control of stepper motors.

28BYJ-48 stepper motor and Arduino

The 28BYJ-48 stepper motor can be easily controlled using an Arduino board. To do this, you will need an ULN2003 module, which is a popular stepper motor driver board that can be easily interfaced with an Arduino.

Here are the basic steps to control the 28BYJ-48 stepper motor with an Arduino:

Connect the ULN2003 module to the Arduino board as follows:
- Connect the GND pin of the module to the GND pin of the Arduino.
- Connect the VCC pin of the module to the 5V pin of the Arduino.
- Connect the IN1, IN2, IN3, and IN4 pins of the module to any digital pins of the Arduino.
Connect the 28BYJ-48 stepper motor to the ULN2003 module as follows:
- Connect the red wire of the motor to the +5V pin of the module.
- Connect the blue wire of the motor to the IN1 pin of the module.
- Connect the pink wire of the motor to the IN2 pin of the module.
- Connect the yellow wire of the motor to the IN3 pin of the module.
- Connect the orange wire of the motor to the IN4 pin of the module.
- Connect the black wire of the motor to the GND pin of the module.

Write a sketch in the Arduino IDE to control the stepper motor. Here is an example sketch that will make the motor rotate 360 degrees clockwise and then 360 degrees counterclockwise:

#include <Stepper.h>

const int stepsPerRevolution = 2048;  // change this to fit the number of steps per revolution of your motor
const int motorSpeed = 10;            // change this to set the speed of the motor
const int motorPin1 = 2;
const int motorPin2 = 3;
const int motorPin3 = 4;
const int motorPin4 = 5;

Stepper myStepper(stepsPerRevolution, motorPin1, motorPin3, motorPin2, motorPin4);

void setup() {
  myStepper.setSpeed(motorSpeed);
}

void loop() {
  myStepper.step(stepsPerRevolution);
  delay(1000);
  myStepper.step(-stepsPerRevolution);
  delay(1000);
}

#include <Stepper.h>

const int stepsPerRevolution = 2048; // change this to fit the number of steps per revolution of your motor

const int motorSpeed = 10; // change this to set the speed of the motor

const int motorPin1 = 2;

const int motorPin2 = 3;

const int motorPin3 = 4;

const int motorPin4 = 5;

Stepper myStepper(stepsPerRevolution, motorPin1, motorPin3, motorPin2, motorPin4);

void setup() {

myStepper.setSpeed(motorSpeed);

}

void loop() {

myStepper.step(stepsPerRevolution);

delay(1000);

myStepper.step(-stepsPerRevolution);

delay(1000);

}

Upload the sketch to the Arduino board.
Once the sketch is uploaded, the motor should start rotating clockwise and then counterclockwise repeatedly. You can modify the sketch to make the motor rotate in any direction and at any speed you like.

Role of 28BYJ-48 Stepper Motor in Robotic Projects

The 28BYJ-48 stepper motor is a popular choice for many robotic projects due to its precision and accuracy of movement. Here are some common roles of the 28BYJ-48 stepper motor in robotic projects:

Robot Arm Control: The 28BYJ-48 stepper motor can be used to control the movement of a robotic arm, allowing the arm to move with precision and accuracy.
Wheel Control: The motor can be used to control the movement of the wheels of a robot, enabling it to move in a controlled manner and change direction with precision.
Gripper Control: The motor can be used to control the opening and closing of a gripper on a robot, allowing it to pick up and manipulate objects.
Camera Control: The 28BYJ-48 stepper motor can be used to control the movement of a camera on a robotic platform, enabling the camera to pan and tilt with precision.
CNC Control: The motor can be used to control the movement of a CNC machine, allowing it to move the cutting tool precisely and accurately.

Overall, the 28BYJ-48 stepper motor is an ideal choice for any robotic project that requires precise and accurate control of movement. Its low cost and ease of use make it a popular choice among hobbyists and professionals alike.